دنیای نانو

دنیای نانو

ذرات شبه ویروسی و کاربرد آن در نانوزیست فناوری

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان
1 گروه زیست فناوری پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 مرکز تحقیقات بیماری های عفونی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
چکیده
فناوری کاربرد نانوحامل‌های طبیعی باعث رشد امید‌هایی در دگرگونی دانش پزشکی به‌ویژه در پیشگیری، تشخیص و درمان بیماری‌ها گردیده ‌است. نانوذرات ویروسی (Virus nanoparticles; VNPs) و زیرمجموعه‌ی آن‌ها، ذرات شبه‌ویروسی (Virus like particles; VLPs) ، جزئی از این واحدهای ساختاری‌اند. ذرات شبه‌ویروسی به‌صورت غیرپوشش‌دار و پوشش‌دار بوده و می‌توانند یه صورت نوترکیب بعد از بیان شدن یک یا تعدادی پروتئین ساختمانی ویروسی ساخته شوند. امروزه ذرات شبه‌ویروسی گیاهی در زمینه‌های گوناگون دانش به‌عنوان نانو‌‌ذراتی جدید و پر‌اهمیت شناخته شده اند. کپسید ویروس‌های گیاهی به‌عنوان قالب‌های زیستی، ناقل‌های دارو و نانو‌دستگاه در علوم مختلفی استفاده شده‌است. از‌طریق کشف ویژگی‌های ظاهری، ژنتیکی، شکل فضایی، روش تکثیر و مونتاژ پروتئین پوششی ویروس‌ها، می‌توان به‌واسطه‌ی دستکاری در ژنوم و پروتئین‌های ویروسی در زمینه‌های گوناگونی از آن‌ها بهره‌برد. از شاخص‌ترین مزیت‌های کاربرد نانوذرات ویروس گیاهی، ایجاد حداقل سمیت در انسان و همچنین تاثیر اختصاصی آن‌هاست. برخی از ذرات شبه‌ویروسی به توسعه‌ی بالینی ورود کرده و تعداد کمی هم مجوز دریافت کرده و تجاری شده‌اند. در این بررسی پیش از بیان برخی از کاربردهای ذرات شبه‌ویروسی و ویروس‌های گیاهی در حوزه‌ی علم پزشکی و زیست‌فناوری به تعریف، تقسیم بندی، مزایا و معایب آن‌ها پرداخته شده‌است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Viral-like particles and their application in nanobiotechnology

نویسندگان English

Nahid-sadat Sharriat Nabavi 1
Effat Alemzadeh 2
Esmat Alemzadeh 1
1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
2 Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
چکیده English

The technology of using natural nanocarriers has sparked hopes for transforming medical knowledge, particularly in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and their subset, virus-like particles (VLPs), are part of these structural units. VLPs can be either non-enveloped or enveloped and can be produced recombinantly after the expression of one or several viral structural proteins. Today, plant virus-like particles are recognized as new and important nanoparticles in various fields of science. The capsids of plant viruses are utilized as biological templates, drug carriers, and nanodevices across different disciplines. By discovering the external characteristics, genetic structure, spatial structure, replication methods, and assembly of viral coat proteins, it is possible to exploit them in various fields through manipulation of viral genomes and proteins. One of the most notable advantages of using plant virus nanoparticles is their minimal toxicity to humans and their specific effects. Some VLPs have entered clinical development, and a few have received approval and been commercialized. This review addresses the definition, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of VLPs and plant viruses before discussing some of their applications in the fields of medical science and biotechnology.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Virus nanoparticles
Virus like particles
Nanobiotechnology
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دوره 20، شماره 77
زمستان 1403
صفحه 136-126

  • تاریخ دریافت 29 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 08 اسفند 1403