Improving the bioavailability and health-related applications of punicalagin and ellagic acid from pomegranate peel with nanotechnology approaches

Pomegranate peel is an important source of phenolic compounds such as punicalagin, ellagic acid, which have significant medicinal and nutritional properties. However, one of the main problems of these compounds is their low bioavailability and reduced effect in the digestive tract. In this article, first, the chemical properties and biological effects of these substances are reviewed and then the role of nanotechnology in improving their absorption and stability is discussed. Evidence shows that the use of nano methods, such as nanoencapsulation and nanocarriers, can increase the therapeutic effects and bioavailability of these compounds, and the use of nanotechnology techniques opens new avenues for improving their applications.In fact the use of nanotechnology including nanoformulations, nanoparticles and targeted delivery systems, has shown that these limitations can be reduced and the stability, intestinal absorption, and biological effects of these compounds can be significantly improved. Future research perspectives should focus on developing innovative nanoformulation strategies with controlled release, tissue targeting, and enhanced bioavailability. Also, mechanistic and clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and systemic interactions of these compounds in human models.